تهیه اوتدارکات

Plato’s Academy Translation: Masoud Omar
There was an area on the edge of the city of Athens, which was a continuously inhabited area from prehistoric times to the 6th century. One of the three important stadiums of Athens was built in this area in the 19th century.

In 387 AD. Z. In the year Plato, whose house was near the Academy and whose garden was built in its courtyard, established his philosophical school in this area. This school gained a lot of fame, especially because of the Platonic philosophy and the new Platonists there, and it was used until 526 AD, when it was closed by the Emperor Justinian.

The truth about Plato’s Academy and a historical error
Since the words “Academy” and “Academic” have been taken from the area where Plato taught, it would be better if we mention a few lines about the environment of the area. . This park, which was used for gymnastics since the 6th century BC, was a garden located one and a half kilometers north of Athens, built by a mythical hero named Academus or Hecademus. People were gifted to play.

This area, named after its benefactor, was expanded by Hippias and a wall was built around the garden, and temples and beautiful statues were built in it. Excavations in this area have revealed traces of Hippias’ wall. Cimon, one of the politicians of his time, planted olive and poplar trees in this garden and diverted the Cephisus river to this land; He improved the dry land.

The academy was a venue for celebrations, sports events and games, where games were held in honor of the achievements of past heroes. This area was a beautiful garden about 387 years before Christ, when Plato began teaching there.

The first point that needs to be addressed is that the purpose of the academy today is to give rise to the false belief that the purpose of the academy is the class of learning that Plato would have initiated. was Chermiss wrote in his book The Riddle of the Early Academy:
According to Charmis:
” All the evidence certainly leads to a single conclusion; The academy was not a school in which formal and traditional principles of metaphysics were taught or a society whose members had to agree on some group and principles. Metaphysical hypotheses and their practitioners were not formalized in any way, and the formal teaching conducted in the academy was limited to mathematics alone.

In this way, Plato’s influence on these people was from the influence of the work style of an expert, not a technical mathematician, and his criticism from the method of mathematical formulas and great problems, which mathematicians Faced with it, by making philosophy students interested in mathematics, he created broad motives for the development of this science.

Based on the evidence, the head of the academy was elected by a simple majority and for life. The first leaders of the academy are: Plato, Speuisppus, Xenocrates, Polemon, Crates and Crantor.

Aristotle was a member of the Academy for many years; But he was never appointed to the state. It should be noted that Cicero (Cicero) has observed the history of the Academy in his writings in the first centuries before Christ, before Plato and 265 years before Christ, and from among its leaders. Named after Democritus, Anaxagoras, Socrates and… Some writers, Arceslus

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