کوانتم نمبرونه

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Natural resources are the engine of development of developing countries
Natural resources have been known for a long time, since human life is connected with his environment and man is a part of nature, so he has always secured his life from the blessings and all-round gifts of nature. Before the Stone Age, human behavior towards natural resources and the environment was very primitive, but closely related. In addition to being kind and forgiving to man, nature has sometimes been angry with him; Sometimes floods, typhoons, cold and hot people have also killed people. After millions of thousands of years, human beings built civilization and consciously adapted their behavior to natural resources. They domesticated a number of animals, came out of the forests and forests, and built the first joint village on the banks of the flowing rivers, and there they learned how to own some natural resources and how to manage and organize them. Twelve thousand years ago, after discovering fire and domesticating a number of animals, humans began to cultivate the earth and plant seeds. Thus he adjusted his work and plan according to the seasons of nature. They soon went to explore and deposit a number of natural resources, they mined salt, they identified different types of ants and at one time they created iron and alloys. They also realized that the precious gifts of nature are not always available everywhere, but must be searched for. Centuries have passed since man processed a number of natural resources and the industrial phase began. However, several more centuries passed and humans started competing among themselves to obtain rare natural resources, wars were fought and finally they recognized the rights of natural resources, but still the biggest problem was the questions of fairness, equality, exchange, reasonable use. . To a large extent, the motivation of colonialism was to obtain natural resources. In the 17th and 18th centuries, England, Portugal, France and some other countries reached America, India, Australia and Africa in search of natural resources.

In recent years, a new understanding and recognition has been gained from natural resources and there has been a concern about the scarcity of some resources. The vital value of the resources and their scarcity and scarcity have created the need for scientific studies, planning, investment and research for the resources. This task and responsibility was handed over to administrative and academic centers. Today, in every country there are institutions for the protection, management, planning, exploration and acquisition of natural resources and training-scientific centers for their research. World-renowned universities have special departments and faculties for the study of natural resources and the training of professional-experts in these fields.

In Afghanistan, Kabul Polytechnic University has a mining department, which previously had qualified professional graduates, besides this, in the 1960s, it was directed to the Faculty of Agriculture of Kabul University, which has its own subject of Natural Resources Economics. It was recommended to include in the curriculum, as well as the subject of environmental economics to the faculties of economics. For the first time in the Faculty of Agriculture, Professor S. Sharif took charge of teaching Environmental Economics, then Professor Dr. Mohammad Hassan Kamran was in charge of teaching this subject and he was an assistant (academic associate) with him for two years. Also, in the same decade, with the permanent establishment of the Faculty of Geography, another step was taken in this field, which teaches and researches the country’s national resources, river flow and other issues in economic geography and spatial dimension. The Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan previously had a qualified researcher and professor in the fields of natural resources and minerals in the Institute of Natural Sciences. The former Ministry of Mines and Industries and later the Ministry of Mines and Petroleum carried out exploration activities and prepared useful maps for the Cadastre and Survey, Geodetic and Cartography Departments. Provinces are the second constituent units (states) of the Ministry of Mines and Petroleum. Besides the Ministry of Mines and Petroleum, there are two other agencies for water and land. Pastures and forests belong to the Ministry of Agriculture. But we must say that Afghanistan, despite its rich natural resources, reserves and assets, does not have the necessary institutional equipment and competent institutions and scientific-training centers. And even worse, these areas do not have scientific research, plans and programs, and management systems and measures. When the Land Administration (Land Administration) was established, it was wanted, but unfortunately, this administration was not successful in its affairs due to the fact that it was restored several times after its formation, and sometimes it was permanent and sometimes it was attached to one or another ministry. Similarly, when the National Water Agency was separated from the previous Ministry of Water and Power, they wanted to manage water, but this agency had no more time to work. The Natural Resources Committee in the National Assembly also lacked the necessary expertise and professional knowledge and qualified members. Despite all this in 1396 In 2016, with the help of Germany, a workshop under the title of (AMEA/Academic Mining Education in Afghanistan) was held in Kabul University with the help of (RUB) University, with the aim of studying Afghanistan’s mines and Afghanistan’s scientific centers in this field. Unfortunately, this series did not continue. Potential and solutions will be discussed in future parts of this discussion.

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